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Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.[5] This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others.[5] For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics.[5] It can be taken by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, or intravenously.[5][6] Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.[5] Severe side effects include an increased risk of tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage.[5] In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness.[5] Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin.[7] Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy.[8] No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication.[8] It appears to be safe during breastfeeding.[5] It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria.[5][9][10] Ciprofloxacin was patented in 1980 and introduced by Bayer in 1987.[11][12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13][14] The World Health Organization classifies ciprofloxacin as critically important for human medicine.[15] It is available as a generic medication.[5][16] In 2021, it was the 141st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions |
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